Few countries have integrated into the world economy as fast or dramatically as China since 1980s. After the Reform and Open Policy carried out in the 1980s, a series of transformation have taken place not only in the economical, political areas, but also in the housing field, and a series of data like GDP, GNP or GOP publicized by government are so amazing and incredible. During the Reform, all the pubic houses completed before 1980s once provided by state-owned enterprises, were sold to tenants with government's subsidy; besides, the commercial housing came out. However, the wealth gap between the rich and poor has been worse and worse, and much more notable as time goes by.

So far, policy of public housing provision for low income population in China has been more than 10 years since it firstly came out in the 1990s. However, the effects are not as efficient as expected; the most notable evidence is that the low income population in metropolitan areas is still under serious residential conditions. Observing the public housing provision system in China participated by all necessary elements as other developed countries, the writer was confused by the contradiction be-tween prosperous image and actually inefficient effect of the system. Accordingly, to find out the crux of housing problem of low income population was the original motivation of the research. To interpret the whole research, the principle part is divided into five chapters listed as follow.

Chapter II -Feasibility of public housing provision security instrument in China

The chapter firstly establishes a comparison foundation model to observe objects with different housing security instruments on the basis of a common standard-the market economic mode operated by all objects. Moreover, the different types of market economy divided by government intervention level to the market are highly correlated with the government attitude towards selection of public housing security instruments as well. By observing components correlated with selection of housing security instrument, it shows that at the primary of economic development stage, the production method is more inclined to base on intensive labor force, and the orientation of housing security objects is usually focused on the low income labor force accordingly; accompanied with economic development and political consummation, when the financial ability achieved to a certain level, the public residential requirement would not be limited in a "shelter", but upgrade with more initiation for residential improvement. In this case, accompanied with less government intervention to the market, indirect housing security instruments with more flexibility would be carried out according to specific situation of one country.

Observing the correlated components in China, government intervention plays a fundamental role in operation and execution of national affairs; moreover, the economic development level is still at the stage of labor intensive type; the housing problem of low income population, especially the floating labor force in metropolitan area, is more urgent to be solved than ever before. Therefore, at the end of the chapter, the conclusion could be put forward that the direct public housing supply is the most appropriate and reasonable housing security instrument according to the current situation in China.

Chapter III-Comparability between Japan and China by similarity

The selection principle of the existing model of public housing provision is based on the observation of similarity compared with China, which is the verification of comparability with China.

There are 2 steps of the verification: the first step is to eliminate the improper objects by elimination method from the perspectives of government's task property, national dominant, economic development and ability, as well as urbanization mode and population trend. As Japan is the left case which has passed the above examinations, the second step is the verification of feasibility for performing as the existing model by observation of the similarities between Japan and China from the perspectives of corresponding relationship in economic scope, common characteristics of metropolitan area, as well as the functions played by the "World Factory".

Chapter IV-Referenceability of Japan's public housing supply policy & execution system

This chapter begins with discussion of comparability of the 2 countries in public housing supply policy and execution system based on the national law system, which is the "Civil Law System" in both China and Japan. Accordingly, the structure of the policy and law system performs as the "Top-down" hierarchy, which is the foundation and principle of the whole law system, including public housing supply system as well. Therefore, the 2 countries have got comparability in public housing supply policy and execution system, and that of Japan could be taken as reference for China.

After reviewing authority structure system in Japan, China, and some other countries, the thesis puts forward that a well-operated public housing supply system should perform as a cycle by the certain authority system, which are composed by policy establishment authority system, executive authority system, and the supervision authority system. After that, the thesis focuses on the feasibility of intermediary agency in the executive authority system, as well as the explicit and potential supervision function in the system. It could be concluded that: firstly, there should be an intermediary agency in the executive authority system in China as many European countries; while Japan is better to promote the function and development of NGO; secondly, due to the one-party political system in China, it has lacked the potential supervision power in a sense; therefore, to establish the similar supervision system as Japan is not enough for China, the supervision authority system in China should be endued with powerful compulsory and supervised authority, and isolated from the governmental system for the self-supervision of public housing supply by government.

Chapter V-Referenceability of Japan's public housing construction method and output

The discussion of comparability of the 2 countries in public housing construction begins with the analyzing the components correlated with the popularization of housing industrialization in Japan, which are the lack of skilled labor force; government assistance on R&D of industrialized housing construction technique; the developed manufacturing which promoted component mass-production; and the promoted function from popularized traditional detached housing at the very beginning which is easily constructed by industrialized method. Considering that of China, housing construction is mostly by concrete cast-in site method, and the components correlated with discrepancies against realization of housing industrialization are precisely opposite with that in Japan; which reflects that, it's unsubstantial to popularize housing industrialization in short-time in China.

On the basis of this principle, the thesis analyzes the specific reference method from 2 perspectives: one is the structural system and construction method; the other is the housing standardization. The discussion of the former one penetrates from comparing construction processes based on elements prefabrication in factory and concrete cast-in site; it finds that the structural frame and the joint details have not performed any obvious difference in technique level between Japan and China. However, China has still been in the attempt stage; the technique has not been popularized yet. The crux doesn't subject in the technique itself; but the requirement quantity and execution period which are affected by the operation mode of housing construction cycle. Moreover, the componentization is highly correlated with modularity of housing dimension, which is determined by design standardization; without that, mass production of prefabricated elements cannot be realized in extensive scope.

Chapter VI-Redefinition of low income population property in metropolitan area

This chapter is the reflection of existing policy and regulation on low income population, which is based on the household registration system in China. Through the comparison of low income population between Japan in the 1970s and current China from the perspectives of spatial distribution, property, and residential status, it could be found that:

There are 3 types of spatial distribution in common: public housing, decrepit traditional housing, and company housing /dormitory. Moreover, situation in China is more complicated that the low income population is distributed in urban blind area as well-which made them playing the double role of victims and initiators of the urban problems; and the acceptance level of "low rent & co-rent" type in current China is higher than that in Japan in the 1970s;

The career property of low income population in 2 groups are both inclined to physical labor, technician as well as staff in service; both the age structure and family structure in 2 groups per-form the miniaturized trend. For difference, the first is the correlation between state-owned enter-prise and low income in China; the second is the correlation between career and education background; and the last is the correlation between migration and low income.

For residential status, the thesis puts forward that it conflicts more in China than in Japan due to the more quality gap in China; and housing requirement of low income population in China is more sub-ordinate than that of Japan in the housing requirement hierarchy.

Based on the above analysis, the actual property of current low income population in China is de-ducted out by Principle Components Analysis Method in SPSS. In the end, the thesis reflects the whole public housing supply system to conform to the real security objects from the perspective of re-orientation of policy and construction.

The last part is the conclusion for summarization of the re-orientations from the perspectives of op-erator, constructor and user. Moreover, as the research is more inclined to comprehensive research on coordination and contradiction of the participants in the system, the correlation as well as the components which caused them would also be summarized in the final conclusion.

中国では経済開放政策に伴う経済成長が著しく、それに伴う大量の都市部低所得者向けの住宅不足問題が発生しつつあるが、現在においては抜本的な政策が執られていない。本研究では、中国の今後の住宅政策の在り方の重要な一方策としての公共住宅政策、特に公営住宅政策の可能性を追究するために、日本がこれまで執ってきた公共住宅施策と現在の中国の公共住宅施策を比較することの妥当性を検証した上で、「公共住宅供給システム」、「住宅建設システム」、「都心部における低所得者の定義」の各側面から、日中の公共住宅施策、特に公営住宅施策の特質を対比的に明らかにすることを通して、世界的課題ともなり得る、膨大な中国低所得者向け住宅問題解決策としての公営住宅施策の指針を示そうとしたものである。

第1章では、中国の現状における都市部低所得者層向けの公的住宅供給の実態と特色を各種文献から明らかにし、本論文で取り組むべき課題の社会的背景を分析している。ここでは、本論文の特徴である比較研究のための諸元を明らかにするため、一般住宅政策、貧困者向け住宅政策、住宅保障施策、住宅供給施策といった住宅施策研究の諸側面から、世界主要国を対象とした各種文献調査研究を行っている。これらを踏まえ、本論の目的を日中の公営住宅供給モデルの特質の比較分析を通した中国公営住宅施策指針の提示に設定した上えで、本論の構成及びテクニカルタームの定義について述べている。

第2章は、第3章、第4章とともに、「比較研究の基礎」という編を構成する章であり、第3、4章に先立ち、世界各国の住宅保障政策を比較研究するための諸元を、各種文献研究と中国及び日本で行った行政組織スタッフに関するインタビュー調査を通して明らかにしている。具体的には、住宅政策、土地政策、経済政策の3側面からの分析を通して、融資制度、民間住宅供給制度、賃貸住宅制御制度、賃貸住宅補助制度、公共住宅制度といった都市貧困層向けの住宅供給社会システムを構成する諸制度にかかわる諸元について、世界主要国における住宅政策の中での、中国の住宅施策の特徴を明らかにしている。

第3章では、中国の住宅政策の比較対象として日本のこれまでの公共住宅政策を対置することの妥当性について論じている。本章においても、各種文献調査と中国及び日本で行った行政組織スタッフに関するインタビュー調査の結果に基づきながら、住宅政策における国の役割、住宅政策推進母体組織のあり方、経済発展の様相、都市化のプロセスの類型といった側面からの分析によって、日本の1970年代と中国の現代とを対置させることの妥当性を立証している。

第4章では、第2、3章の議論をさらに深め、各種文献研究と日中での施策実行者へのヒアリングデータに基づき、中国、日本、そしてアメリカ、イギリスの4か国の公共住宅供給モデルの提示を試みている。その結果、公共住宅供給なかんずく公営住宅政策を観点から日本と中国を比較することの優位性を確認している。

第5章から第7章は、「日中の公営住宅施策比較」という編を構成している。まず第5章では、公共住宅供給に関して、制度的側面からの比較を行っている。具体的に、日本と中国が戦後実施してきた住宅政策変遷のプロセスをたどり、それらの特色を民法体系・法制システム・行政システムとの関連において分析し、日本の住宅政策の特色をヒエラルキー型、中国のそれをインターセクション型と結論付け、ここに日中の住宅政策の特徴を示す新たな観点を提示している。さらに、日本の住宅政策実施過程における中間的機関(Intermediary Agency )に着目し、政策のフィードバック機能を担う重要なファクターとして抽出し、今後の中国の住宅施策における要点の一つとして指摘している。

第6章では、両国の住宅建設における大量建設に関わるフィジカルなシステムに着目し、建築システムにおける諸基準に関わるデータ収集と、建築専門家への聞き取りにより得られたデータにより、具体的な建築生産システムとしての公的住宅建設のあり方を論じている。その結果、日本は、建設における労働力の調整、工業化への研究開発投資といった建設技術的側面が、標準設計などのデザインスタンダードとうまく合致している点が、中国の労働集約的住宅建設と異なっていることを指摘しつつも、デザインスタンダードの実現については、中国独自の開発が必要であることを、具体的のケーススタディによって明らかにしている。

第7章は、公営住宅政策の対象とすべき住宅貧困者の定義について日中の比較を試みた上で、中国における今後の都市部の公営住宅施策の樹立に係る要件を明らかにしている。中国の北京市における筆者独自のアンケート調査およびヒアリング調査を通して得られたデータをもとに、現在の中国の住宅貧困層の居住形態7類型を抽出し、それらの属性分析を細かく行った結果、各類型間の経済的格差が著しいことを明らかにしている。また、これらデータに関する主成分分析により、住宅の質、居住者の能力、居住者の個人資産、居住費、生活費の5つの成分が今後の中国における公営住宅施策にとって、重要なファクターとなることを論証している。

第8章では、各章の結果をまとめたうえで、今後の中国公営住宅施策の計画要点として、住宅政策実行における中間的機関の参加、民間企業の参加による労働集約建設システムからの脱却、中国の戸籍制度を考慮した収入のみによらない居住貧困者基準の明示、が重要であることを明らかにしている。

以上のように本論文において、日本の特定の時期の公営住宅政策が、制度面、建設システム面、施策実行対象の確立面において、現在の中国の都市部低所得者層の住宅問題解決にとって比較検討の対象とすることが有意義であることを論証したうえで、今後の中国公営住宅施策の具体的な要件を綿密な日中制度比較によって抽出することができた。このような綿密な論証プロセスに基づく住宅政策論の提示は、建築計画学、建築生産論の発展に大いなる寄与をなしうるものである。

よって本論文は博士(工学)の学位請求論文として合格と認められる。